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Photo by: Library of Congress The Women's Equality Amendment What Does It Mean and Is It Necessary? Last Featured: 5/28/2007 Listen to Full Program (Windows Media Player Required) Download the MP3 (Right-click and choose 'Save As...' from the pop-up menu.) Read Along with the Transcript (Acrobat PDF file.) Read Along with Closed Captions (For assistance viewing captions, click here .) Justice Learning Listening Guide (Acrobat PDF file.) Note: Justice Talking ceased production on June 30 of 2008. Link information on this site is not maintained and is provided for historical interest only. Although correct when posted, The Annenberg Public Policy Center makes no claim as the the accuracy or continued availability of any third party web links found on this site. Overview “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” This simple addition to the Constitution then known as the Equal Rights Amendment was never adopted despite passage by Congress in 1971 and ratification by 35 state legislatures--three short of the 38 necessary for its adoption. Each term since the ERA’s defeat, members of Congress have reintroduced the measure, this year renamed the Women's Equality Amendment. Tune in to this edition of Justice Talking as we focus on the struggle for women’s equality and ask what the proposed constitutional amendment will do and whether it is necessary. A Closer Look at the Wage Gap Host Margot Adler talks with Catherine Hill from the American Association of University Women (AAUW) and the Hudson Institute’s Diana Furchtgott-Roth about what causes the wage gap. Is it sex discrimination or women’s choices? Catherine Hill is the director of research at the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. She is an author of several recent AAUW reports including "Drawing the Line: Sexual Harassment on Campus," "Public Perceptions of the Pay Gap," and "Behind the Pay Gap." Diana Furchtgott-Roth is a senior fellow at Hudson Institute. From February 2003 to April 2005 Ms. Furchtgott-Roth was chief economist of the U.S. Department of Labor. She coauthored "Women’s Figures: An Illustrated Guide to the Economics of Women in America" and "The Feminist Dilemma: When Success Is Not Enough." Listen to Audio: Windows Media MP3 Version Debate: The Equal Rights Amendment Michelle Bernard of the Independent Women's Forum and the Feminist Majority’s Eleanor Smeal debate whether we need to pass a constitutional amendment that would ensure equal rights for women. Michelle Bernard is the president of the Independent Women's Forum (IWF). She also leads IWF's Iraqi women's democracy initiative and is the program officer of the Iraqi Women's Educational Institute. Eleanor Smeal is the president of the Feminist Majority Foundation. A former president of the National Organization for Women, she led the drive to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. Listen to Audio: Windows Media MP3 Version Profile: Phyllis Schlafly Phyllis Schlafly, one of the best-known opponents to the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s, is still trying to keep it from passing now. She runs the Eagle Forum, a conservative, pro-family organization. Tom Weber recently visited with Schlafly in St. Louis. Listen to Audio: Windows Media MP3 Version Understanding Title IX Host Margot Adler speaks with Erin Buzuvis, a blogger with Title IX Blog, about the successes and shortcomings to Title IX, the federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in all federally funded schools and colleges. Erin Buzuvis is assistant professor of law at Western New England College School of Law. With her co-bloggers she maintains Title IX Blog, a website offering daily updates about Title IX law, scholarship, and treatment in the media. Listen to Audio: Windows Media MP3 Version Women in Politics Host Margot Adler talks with Marie Wilson of The White House Project about the state of women in U.S. politics, why we haven’t had a female president, and the challenges facing women who run for office. Marie Wilson is founder and president of The White House Project. She is the co-creator of Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day and author of Closing the Leadership Gap: Why Women Can and Must Help Run the World. Listen to Audio: Windows Media MP3 Version ©1999-2013 University of Pennsylvania. All rights reserved. Any Justice Talking program downloaded or podcast from this site is for personal use only. Any Justice Talking program, or portion of it, may not reproduced, publicly distributed or displayed, used to create a derivative work, or otherwise copied or transmitted to a third party, in any format now known or hereafter discovered, except as expressly permitted by Law. To request permission to use Justice Talking audio, please contact Support NOTE: Justice Talking Blogs and Forums have been closed. Justice Talking’s last broadcast & podcast was June 30, 2008. Women's Equality Amendment (H. J. RES. 40 - Bill introduced in the House) U.S. Constitution - Fourteenth Amendment Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Equal Pay Act of 1963 The Equal Rights Amendment Behind the Pay Gap study National Organization for Women and Constitutional Equality 4ERA Chronology of the ERA Concerned Women for America Center for Individual Freedom A Place on the Team: The Triumph and Tragedy of Title IX by Welch Suggs It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don't Run for Office by Jennifer Lawless and Richard Fox Why Men Earn More: The Startling Truth Behind the Pay Gap -- and What Women Can Do About It by Warren Farrell Why We Lost the ERA by Jane J. Mansbridge Race and the Justice System Employment Discrimination Post-Ledbetter International Adoptions